ABSTRACT
Background: It has been estimated that prevalence of PCOS ranges from 5-10% in reproductive females. Thus, it becomes most common endocrinopathy in this age group. Lack of ovulation and androgen over activity are key features of PCOS. The objective of this study was to patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome at a tertiary care center.Methods: Present study was following up study with 200 cases of PCOS. Rotterdam criteria were used for the diagnosis of the PCOS. This criterion includes three things. First is woman having in last year <6 periods of menstruation. Second is testosterone value >0.6 ng/ml and third is each ovary having >12 follicles with increased size and volume. Those cases with hypothyroidism, adrenal tumors, congenital adrenal hyperplasia etc were excluded from the present study. Those on steroid therapy were also excluded. Detailed history and clinical examination were carried out for included cases as well as required investigations.Results: Overall incidence of infertility was found as 27.9%. Out of these 200 cases, 44 (22%) had PCOS. Majority cases belonged to 20-24 years of age. Hirsutism was most common findings in clinical hyperandrogenism. Risk of insulin resistance syndrome was 4.79 times higher in obesity compared to not obese. Age, BMI, duration of infertility, ovarian volume, and menstrual pattern had effect on ovulation rate following laparoscopic ovarian drilling. Increasing duration of infertility and BMI had lower ovulation rate. Ovulation rate was highest when treated with clomiphene citrate alone than the combination therapy.Conclusions: Women with obesity have more chances of having PCOS as seen from the present study.
ABSTRACT
Background: Endometriosis should be suspected in women with sub-infertility, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia or chronic pelvic pain. However, these symptoms can also be associated with other diseases. Endometriosis may be asymptomatic even in some women with more advanced disease. The objective of this study was to prevalence, severity, stages, conception rate and associated problems in patients with endometriosisMethods: Present study was retrospective and prospective study from January 2007 to September 2012 which included 200 infertile patients who underwent laparoscopy and were diagnosed with endometriosis in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Owaisi Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.Results: Majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 18-25 years i.e. 45.5%. The most common symptom with which the women presented to the hospital was abnormal uterine bleeding seen in 26% of the cases. Out of total cases, 64% had primary infertility and remaining i.e. 36% had secondary infertility. Ovarian endometrioma was seen in 22% of the cases. Majority of the patients had dysmenorrheal in 62% of the cases. Majority were found out to be present in the stage one or minimal endometriosis i.e. they constituted 78 women which amounted at 39% of the total cases. As the severity of the endometriosis increased, the symptomatic relief rate after laparoscopy decreased. As the severity of the endometriosis increased, the conception rate following laparoscopic laser fulguration decreased. As the severity of the endometriosis increased, the requirement for ART increased.Conclusions: Laparoscopy is considered to be better than laparotomy since there is less morbidity and less adhesions and tissue trauma.